COMPLEX METHOD OF STABILIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS BASED ON POLYCRYSTALLINE AND MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32851/tnv-tech.2023.1.1Keywords:
solar cell, photoelectric conversion, polycrystalline silicon, photoluminescent coating, microrelief structures, service lifetime.Abstract
The analysis of the key factors limiting the solar cell efficiency was carried out and the problem of the discrepancy between the absorption spectra of photoelectric converters and the spectrum of solar radiation was pointed out. The methods of expanding the absorption spectrum of the photoelectric converter by applying a layer of luminophor with a fixed Stokes shift to the surface of the solar cell have been generalized, which makes it possible to compensate for the discrepancy in the corresponding spectra. The method of increasing the efficiency of a solar cell by applying a photoluminescent coating was summarized and the shortcomings of the approach were shown. The work specifies the requirements for the luminophor, which include a high photoluminescence quantum yield, an absorption spectrum that lies in the short-wavelength part of the visible range and the near-ultraviolet range, as well as photoluminescence spectrum that lies in the long-wavelength part of the visible range and the near-infrared range. The importance of the stability of the optical characteristics of the dye and the high level of adhesion to the surface of the substrate based on polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon is also indicated. It is noticed that the spatial amorphousness inherent in the photoluminescent response leads to significant losses in the converted part of solar radiation. In order to solve the problem of spatial amorphousness of the photoluminescent response, it is proposed to form solar cells with surface microrelief, which allows to partially compensate the corresponding losses, as well as to stabilize the efficiency of the solar cell when the position of the sun changes during the day. A methodology for calculating the efficiency of the photoelectric converter was developed according to the geometric dimensions of the structural elements of the surface microrelief and the optical parameters of the photoluminescent coating layer. It is noted that by changing the arguments of the multidimensional objective functions, the problem of optimizing the parameters of the modified solar cell can be reduced to the problem of finding a global maxima or one of the local maxima.
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