GEODESIC MONITORING OF DEFORMATION OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE, BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHERSON STATE AGRARIAN AND ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY

Abstract

Buildings, as a whole, or their individual elements undergo various types of deformations due to structural features, the surrounding natural environment, and human activity. The term «deformation» refers to a change in the shape of an object as observed. In geodesy, deformation is considered as a change in the position of an object relative to some initial position. Observations of deformations of buildings, structures, and the earth’s surface are carried out through high-precision and systematic geodetic measurements at specially established stations. A complex of geodetic monitoring works is carried out for the area where objects, their foundations, and load-bearing structures of buildings and structures are located. During geodetic monitoring, the following characteristics of deformations are determined: – for foundations: vertical soil deformations; horizontal soil displacements; – for foundations: absolute settlement, average settlement; uneven settlement, relative uneven settlement; – for the above-ground part of buildings and structures: deviation from vertical (tilt) of building structures or buildings as a whole; deformations of columns and other concrete structures; crack opening, dynamics of their development. The article discusses the procedure for conducting monitoring geodetic observations to study the process of occurrence and development of deformations of the earth’s surface and loadbearing structures of buildings and structures of the Kherson State Agrarian-Economic University (part of the main building («Morphology»), dormitories No. 3, No. 6), which are located on areas with subsidence-prone soils. The implementation of the observation methodology developed in the project in full allows determining the causes and negative factors of deformations occurring on the earth’s surface and in load-bearing structures of buildings and structures and developing a complex of measures to restore the normal operational condition of emergency objects of the University.