MODERN METHODS OF WATERPROOFING AND ENERGY SAVING OF OPERATIONAL BASEMENT PARTS OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ON A NATURAL BASE: PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

Abstract

The relevance of the study is that modern construction increasingly demands projects with basement and underground parts. Waterproofing the basement part of the foundation is a critical stage of construction, which ensures the durability of the structure, comfortable operating conditions and prevents the negative consequences of moisture penetration. Basements and foundation structures are constantly exposed to soil moisture, sometimes aggressive, and precipitation. In the absence of quality waterproofing, moisture penetrates into the foundation material, which eventually leads to cracking, concrete destruction and reinforcement corrosion.Increased humidity in basement rooms contributes to the development of fungal formations, which not only worsens the condition of structures, but also negatively affects human health. This is especially true for premises used for residential or household needs. Moisture accumulating in foundation structures reduces their thermal insulation properties, which leads to increased energy costs for heating the building. Properly arranged waterproofing helps to reduce heat loss and increase the efficiency of the insulation system. The destruction of the material due to the effects of water leads to the loss of the bearing capacity of the foundation, which threatens the stability of the entire building. High-quality waterproofing extends the service life of the structure and reduces the risks of emergencies. Construction standards provide for the use of effective waterproofing methods, especially in areas with high groundwater levels or difficult climatic conditions. The use of modern waterproofing materials and technologies allows meeting the requirements of regulatory documents.The article establishes the necessity and expediency of arranging basement and underground parts of buildings and structures in modern design and construction. The main requirement for these elements of the building is reliable protection against soil moisture through the use of high-quality and modern types and methods of waterproofing. The analysis of the engineering-geological section of the study area is carried out. The scheme of the strip foundation under the building is shown. An example of arranging a waterproofing unit for enclosing structures of a basement using economically sound modern waterproofing materials is investigated.The use of special additives to improve the waterproofing characteristics of concrete is proposed. After calculating the cost of materials for waterproofing the foundations and walls of basement parts, the painting method of waterproofing was chosen, and for the floor, the gluing method. Energy efficiency indicators are improved through the use of extruded polystyrene foam.