THE IMPACT OF CONTAINERIZATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CLOUD SERVICES

Abstract

The study aims to assess how technologies such as Docker and Kubernetes contribute to the performance, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of cloud systems, as well as to identify factors that may limit their use in real-world applications. The paper focuses on the practical aspects of containerization implementation and its role in the transformation of cloud technologies.The purpose of the article. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of containerization on the efficiency of cloud services, to identify its key advantages, potential challenges and development prospects in the context of modern IT infrastructures.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization and generalization of modern data on the impact of containerization on cloud services, taking into account the latest reports and real cases of leading companies (Netflix, Spotify, Airbnb). For the first time, the paper combines the analysis of energy efficiency, security, and scalability of containerization with an assessment of its economic effect in multi-cloud and serverless architectures. Particular attention is paid to new challenges related to the security of the host system kernel and the complexity of managing large container clusters, which complements existing research.Results. The study showed that containerization significantly improves the efficiency of cloud services by reducing application deployment time (from 20–30 minutes for a VM to 2–5 minutes), saving resources (20–30 % of CPU and memory), and reducing operating costs (15–25 %). Real- world examples of implementation at Netflix (70 % increase in update speed), Spotify (migration in 4 months), and Coca-Cola (44 % reduction in latency) confirm these benefits. At the same time, limitations have been identified: 65 % of companies have encountered vulnerabilities in Kubernetes configurations, which requires additional security measures. Containerization supports multi-cloud strategies (60 % of companies) and serverless platforms (40 % of applications), promoting flexibility and portability. Conclusions. Containerization is a key technology for improving the efficiency of cloud services, providing speed, cost, and adaptability. Its benefits outweigh challenges such as security and management complexity, making it a standard for modern IT systems. In 2025, containerization will remain the backbone of cloud computing, driving innovation and business competitiveness. The development prospects are associated with the integration of artificial intelligence and the improvement of orchestrators, which will make cloud services even more accessible and efficient.