THE ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF THE TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY REGIME IN A GREENHOUSE

Abstract

The article presents an analytical study of the temperature-humidity regime in greenhouses as one of the key factors determining the efficiency of crop cultivation in protected soil. Under current climate conditions and rising energy costs, maintaining an optimal microclimate in greenhouses is becoming increasingly relevant. The paper proposes a mathematical model of heat and mass exchange processes between the main components of a greenhouse – soil, air, translucent enclosure, and plants.The model is implemented in the form of a system of differential equations describing the heat balance, taking into account solar radiation intensity, heating system power, outside air temperature, and other parameters. The resulting system is reduced to the standard Cauchy form, which makes it possible to perform structural and analytical analysis of the control object and assess its controllability and observability using Kalman’s criteria. State, controllability, and observability matrices are calculated based on actual design parameters of a selected greenhouse type. The modeling results confirm full controllability and observability of the system, creating the prerequisites for the implementation of efficient automatic microclimate control systems.It is noted that due to the high inertia of the object, it is advisable to apply intelligent adaptive control systems, in particular those based on neural networks and fuzzy logic. The optimal control criteria – air temperature and soil temperature – are determined according to agronomic standards. The need to transition from traditional schedule-based heating control to intelligent systems that account for a wide range of influencing factors and ensure energy efficiency and climate stability in greenhouse operations is substantiated.