FUNDAMENTALS OF SECURITY CONCEPT AND THEIR IMPACT ON PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS RUNNING

Abstract

The paper deals with the essence, key theoretical aspects, origin and genesis of the security concept. The study reveals that security is a complex multifaceted social phenomenon with its specific historical character. It is closely related to all interaction forms and directions within the system nature – man – society and its essence implies living securely, free of anxiety, peacefully, without any risks or threats. From the standpoint of the theory of realism, liberalism and constructivism, this term can be applied with the following three meanings: the traditional meaning implies security as an attribute of the state, absence of military conflict i.e. military security; “security” used in a broader sense, but still referred directly to phenomena occurring in international relations, or directly / indirectly caused by interstate relations; security as a public benefit – implied in its universal (as a unit and the social entity) ‒ human security. A wide range of the security threats faced by our state has been identified. These include encroachment on the sovereignty and territorial integrity, blocking the state's movement towards full membership in the EU and NATO, conducting intelligence and subversive activities by Russian special services against Ukraine, carrying out propaganda, cyberattacks, and spreading terrorism financed and supported by the foe. The study substantiates the need for close cooperation between various public institutions, such as law enforcement agencies, security services, local government bodies etc. since security is a constant social process with the participants trying to improve the mechanisms that ensure their security. These institutions must clearly realize the concepts of security and organize effective interagency interaction. The basis for their effective work is an understanding of the essence of security, which determines political and administrative activities, influences decision making, ensures national stability, and contributes to the development of trust between institutions and citizens.